Robotics helps to guarantee safety in nuclear sites
In depth - December 13, 2021

Robotics helps to guarantee safety in nuclear sites

Some activities that take place in radioactive environments, such as waste decontamination, are dangerous and often complicated. Using robots is a very efficient way to protect the health of staff and improve safety conditions. Technology allows us to perform more tasks like this with better precision.

Descontaminación y gestión de entornos radiactivos

Robots have been used in nuclear power plants for some time now, to remotely decontaminate and handle radioactive materials and environments. For example, the Demos robot from the Spanish company GD Energy Services (GDES), a member of Foro Nuclear, cleans and decontaminates the bottom and walls of the reactor's cavity.

Robotics helps to guarantee safety in nuclear sites
Demos, the cleaning and decontamination robot from GDES (Photo: GDES)

Robotics are used at nuclear power plants to remotely decontaminate and handle radioactive materials and environments

Microbots for wastewater

There are much more complicated circumstances where different types of devices are neeeded. One very promising project is that of the microbots developed by a team of sicentists from the Chemistry and Technology University of the Czech Republic, in cooperation with the American chemical Society (ACS): diminute robots with a 0.2 cm diameter (approximately the width of a human hair), covered by porous compounds known as metal organic frameworks (MOF). These compounds trap radioactive substances, such as the uranium in wastewater, and clean it. When tested in a simulation, microbots eliminated 96% of the uranium in just one hour.

Robotics helps to guarantee safety in nuclear sites
Microbots that decontaminate wastewater (Image: ACS)

Microbots can trap radioactive substances and clean uranium from wastewater

Detecting radioactivity

Lastly, there is another area where the use of robots is particularly important: detecting the presence of radioactivity and its level.

That is the goal of the Inspector Bot  created by researchers at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and the United States Department of Energy (DOE). This 90-cm high robot is composed of a plastic polyethylene cylinder containing three neutron counters. The cylinder is attached to a wheeled platform that transports it.

Robotics helps to guarantee safety in nuclear sites
Prototype of the Inspector Bot (Photo: Princeton University)

The University of Princeton's Inspector Bot can detect the presence of radiactivity and its level

The detectors inside the cylinder are sensitive to the energy of the neutrons released by nuclear

Los detectores del interior del cilindro son sensibles a la energía de los neutrones que emiten los materiales nucleares, y también detectan su dirección de propagación. Gracias a esto identifican la fuente de la radiación nuclear, por lo que se pueden utilizar para apoyar las salvaguardias nucleares.

Se pueden usar, por ejemplo, en las instalaciones de enriquecimiento de uranio, donde este se convierte en combustible nuclear. En estas instalaciones, el uranio se envía en forma gaseosa a través de unos centrifugadores que lo enriquecen, para después convertirlo en polvo y configurar las pastillas de combustible.

Los Inspector Bots detectarían la retirada de uranio enriquecido de una central para ser utilizado en un uso no declarado, y de esta manera se protegen las salvaguardias garantizando el uso lícito y la seguridad.

Robotics helps to guarantee safety in nuclear sites
El Inspector Bot en las instalaciones de PPPL (Imagen: PPPL)

Los desarrolladores prevén utilizar el Inspector Bot para proteger instalaciones de enriquecimiento de uranio y detectar la presencia de uranio de bajo enriquecimiento, lo que en caso de uso ilícito podría ser indicación de que se están produciendo dispositivos nucleares ilegales.

Los "inspector bot" se pueden utilizar en modo "enjambre" para proteger instalaciones de enriquecimiento de uranio y detectar la presencia de uranio de bajo enriquecimiento

Al ser pequeños y autónomos, la idea es crear un “enjambre” de estos robots inspectores mediante software de aprendizaje de máquina. Todos los robots del “enjambre” pueden funcionar en conjunto o independientemente, moviéndose y comunicándose entre sí mientras realizan las inspecciones.

La robótica y la nanorrobótica contribuyen más cada día al incremento de la seguridad, cada vez mayo,r en la gestión de instalaciones nucleares.

 

Fuentes: Engineering 360, PPPL y GDES

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